Understanding the stack-up structure of rigid-flex PCBs helps designers optimize signal routing, mechanical reliability, and space utilization in compact electronic systems. This enhances design efficiency and allows seamless integration between rigid and flexible sections. The diagram on the left illustrates a typical rigid-flex stack-up, showing how rigid areas (built with FR-4, prepreg, and copper layers) transition into the flex area, which features a polyimide core, copper layers, and protective coverlays.